A small, but growing collection of my bookmarks on the Unique Identity Project of India
Academic publications
31419
ARRP7P9N
items
1
0
default
asc
2256
http://viveks.info/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-2183a75ef7791ecbc3393b37c92d020c%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22GRRBSK88%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A31419%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ministry%20of%20Rural%20Development%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%202em%3B%20text-indent%3A-2em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMinistry%20of%20Rural%20Development.%202013.%20%26%23x201C%3BDirect%20Benefit%20Transfer%20System%3A%20Mahatma%20Gandhi%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme%20v%201.0.%26%23x201D%3B%20New%20Delhi%3A%20Government%20of%20India.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnrega.nic.in%5C%2FNetnrega%5C%2FWriteReaddata%5C%2FCirculars%5C%2FDBA_Manual13.pdf%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnrega.nic.in%5C%2FNetnrega%5C%2FWriteReaddata%5C%2FCirculars%5C%2FDBA_Manual13.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22report%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Direct%20benefit%20transfer%20system%3A%20Mahatma%20Gandhi%20National%20Rural%20Employment%20Guarantee%20Scheme%20v%201.0%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Ministry%20of%20Rural%20Development%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22reportType%22%3A%22%22%2C%22institution%22%3A%22Government%20of%20India%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fnrega.nic.in%5C%2FNetnrega%5C%2FWriteReaddata%5C%2FCirculars%5C%2FDBA_Manual13.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ARRP7P9N%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222014-08-14T16%3A32%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PXR24BRT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A31419%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dr%5Cu00e8ze%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-11-25%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%202em%3B%20text-indent%3A-2em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDr%26%23xE8%3Bze%2C%20Jean.%202010.%20%26%23x201C%3BUnique%20Facility%2C%20or%20Recipe%20for%20Trouble%3F%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EThe%20Hindu%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20November%2025%2C%202010%2C%20sec.%20Op-ed.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.thehindu.com%5C%2Fopinion%5C%2Fop-ed%5C%2Funique-facility-or-recipe-for-trouble%5C%2Farticle911055.ece%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.thehindu.com%5C%2Fopinion%5C%2Fop-ed%5C%2Funique-facility-or-recipe-for-trouble%5C%2Farticle911055.ece%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22newspaperArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Unique%20facility%2C%20or%20recipe%20for%20trouble%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jean%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dr%5Cu00e8ze%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Many%20questions%20remain%20about%20the%20Unique%20Identity%20Number%20system%20that%20is%20being%20rolled%20out%20by%20the%20Central%20government.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%2025%20Nov%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22Op-ed%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.thehindu.com%5C%2Fopinion%5C%2Fop-ed%5C%2Funique-facility-or-recipe-for-trouble%5C%2Farticle911055.ece%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ARRP7P9N%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222013-11-12T01%3A34%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UZMD4FPB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A31419%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%202em%3B%20text-indent%3A-2em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3E%26%23x201C%3BAadhaar%3A%20On%20a%20Platform%20of%20Myths.%26%23x201D%3B%20n.d.%20The%20Hindu.%20Accessed%20April%2026%2C%202013.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.thehindu.com%5C%2Fopinion%5C%2Flead%5C%2Faadhaar-on-a-platform-of-myths%5C%2Farticle2236134.ece%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.thehindu.com%5C%2Fopinion%5C%2Flead%5C%2Faadhaar-on-a-platform-of-myths%5C%2Farticle2236134.ece%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Aadhaar%3A%20on%20a%20platform%20of%20myths%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Aadhaar%20project%2C%20just%20as%20its%20failed%20counterpart%20in%20the%20U.K.%2C%20stands%20on%20a%20platform%20of%20myths.%20India%20needs%20a%20mass%20campaign%20to%20expose%20these%20myths.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.thehindu.com%5C%2Fopinion%5C%2Flead%5C%2Faadhaar-on-a-platform-of-myths%5C%2Farticle2236134.ece%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ARRP7P9N%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222013-04-26T02%3A15%3A12Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UTXSX6J5%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A31419%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gelb%20and%20Decker%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%202em%3B%20text-indent%3A-2em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGelb%2C%20Alan%2C%20and%20Caroline%20Decker.%202012.%20%26%23x201C%3BCash%20at%20Your%20Fingertips%3A%20Biometric%20Technology%20for%20Transfers%20in%20Developing%20Countries%2A.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EReview%20of%20Policy%20Research%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2029%20%281%29%3A%2091%26%23x2013%3B117.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1541-1338.2011.00539.x%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1541-1338.2011.00539.x%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Cash%20at%20Your%20Fingertips%3A%20Biometric%20Technology%20for%20Transfers%20in%20Developing%20Countries%2A%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gelb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Decker%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20recent%20years%2C%20interest%20has%20soared%20in%20the%20development%20potential%20of%20well-designed%20cash%20transfer%20programs.%20One%20particular%20application%20is%20the%20use%20of%20transfers%20by%20resource-rich%20countries%20%28as%20recently%20initiated%20by%20Iran%29%20to%20distribute%20rents%20across%20their%20populations.%20An%20emerging%20body%20of%20research%20suggests%20that%20the%20development%20impact%20of%20such%20programs%20tends%20to%20be%20positive%20and%20that%2C%20especially%20when%20received%20by%20poor%20individuals%20or%20households%2C%20they%20can%20unlock%20constraints%20on%20economic%20activities%2C%20allowing%20a%20further%20increase%20in%20income.%20This%20paper%20considers%20the%20use%20of%20biometric%20technology%20to%20underpin%20transfer%20programs%20and%20how%20new%20technology%20is%20opening%20up%20possibilities%20for%20effective%20transfer%20programs%20that%2C%20up%20to%20now%2C%20have%20only%20been%20a%20theoretical%20option%20in%20the%20institutional%20conditions%20that%20prevail%20in%20many%20developing%20countries.%20Once%20implemented%2C%20biometric%20identification%20systems%20can%20be%20used%20to%20support%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20other%20development%20initiatives%20including%20banking%2C%20voting%2C%20health%20care%2C%20and%20general%20identification%20systems.%20The%20paper%20reviews%20some%20of%20the%20programs%20using%20these%20technologies%20and%20how%20it%20is%20enabling%20poor%20countries%20to%20leapfrog%20rich%20ones%20in%20the%20area%20of%20identity%2C%20much%20as%20the%20cellphone%20revolution%20did%20in%20the%20area%20of%20communications.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1541-1338.2011.00539.x%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221541-1338%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1541-1338.2011.00539.x%5C%2Fabstract%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22286HM2PF%22%2C%22ARRP7P9N%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222013-04-26T02%3A05%3A33Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KHAN86B6%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A31419%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Greenleaf%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%202em%3B%20text-indent%3A-2em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EGreenleaf%2C%20Graham.%202010.%20%26%23x201C%3BIndia%26%23x2019%3Bs%20National%20ID%20System%3A%20Danger%20Grows%20in%20a%20Privacy%20Vacuum.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EComputer%20Law%20%26amp%3B%20Security%20Review%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2026%20%285%29%3A%20479%26%23x2013%3B91.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.clsr.2010.07.009%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.clsr.2010.07.009%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22India%5Cu2019s%20national%20ID%20system%3A%20Danger%20grows%20in%20a%20privacy%20vacuum%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Graham%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Greenleaf%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22India%20is%20juggling%20demands%20and%20proposals%20for%20at%20least%20three%20national%20data%20surveillance%20projects%20of%20vast%20scope.%20This%20article%20focuses%20on%20the%20unique%20identification%20%28UID%29%20number%2C%20which%20it%20is%20proposed%20will%20be%20allocated%20to%20India%5Cu2019s%201.2%20billion%20people%2C%20with%20600%5Cu00a0M%20UIDs%20to%20be%20allocated%20by%202015.%20Draft%20legislation%20to%20create%20the%20Authority%20which%20will%20administer%20the%20UID%20contains%20few%20protections%20for%20privacy%20or%20other%20liberties.%20They%20are%20needed%20because%20there%20is%20otherwise%20a%20privacy%20vacuum%20in%20Indian%20law.%20The%20Bill%20leaves%20most%20of%20the%20details%20of%20the%20demographic%20and%20biometric%20information%20which%20will%20be%20required%20to%20be%20included%20Regulations%2C%20and%20imposes%20no%20controls%20on%20which%20organisations%20can%20require%20UIDs%2C%20or%20what%20they%20can%20do%20with%20them.%20This%20article%20focuses%20on%20the%20planning%20documents%20for%20the%20UID%2C%20and%20the%20Bill%2C%20to%20argue%20that%20India%20may%20be%20building%20an%20identification%20system%20that%20puts%20peoples%5Cu2019%20liberties%20at%20risk%2C%20and%20does%20so%20in%20a%20way%20which%20will%20be%20largely%20out%20of%20control%20of%20democratic%20or%20judicial%20restraints%20on%20such%20a%20powerful%20use%20of%20information%20technology.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22September%202010%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.clsr.2010.07.009%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220267-3649%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0267364910001123%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ARRP7P9N%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222013-04-26T02%3A00%3A29Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22AW5TDZ7F%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A31419%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Kak%20and%20Malik%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%202em%3B%20text-indent%3A-2em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EKak%2C%20Amba%20Utara%2C%20and%20Swati%20Malik.%202010.%20%26%23x201C%3BPrivacy%20and%20the%20National%20Identification%20Authority%20of%20India%20Bill%3A%20Leaving%20Much%20to%20the%20Imagination.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3ENUJS%20Law%20Review%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%203%3A%20485.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fheinonline.org%5C%2FHOL%5C%2FPage%3Fhandle%3Dhein.journals%5C%2Fnujslr3%26id%3D493%26div%3D%26collection%3Djournals%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fheinonline.org%5C%2FHOL%5C%2FPage%3Fhandle%3Dhein.journals%5C%2Fnujslr3%26id%3D493%26div%3D%26collection%3Djournals%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Privacy%20and%20the%20National%20Identification%20Authority%20of%20India%20Bill%3A%20Leaving%20Much%20to%20the%20Imagination%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Amba%20Utara%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kak%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Swati%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Malik%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fheinonline.org%5C%2FHOL%5C%2FPage%3Fhandle%3Dhein.journals%5C%2Fnujslr3%26id%3D493%26div%3D%26collection%3Djournals%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ARRP7P9N%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222013-04-26T01%3A58%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22U9VEAI6J%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A31419%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Bowyer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-06-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%202em%3B%20text-indent%3A-2em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBowyer%2C%20Kevin%20W.%202012.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Results%20of%20the%20NICE.II%20Iris%20Biometrics%20Competition.%26%23x201D%3B%20%3Ci%3EPattern%20Recognition%20Letters%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2033%20%288%29%3A%20965%26%23x2013%3B69.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.patrec.2011.11.024%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.patrec.2011.11.024%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20results%20of%20the%20NICE.II%20Iris%20biometrics%20competition%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kevin%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bowyer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20second%20phase%20of%20the%20Noisy%20Iris%20Challenge%20Evaluation%20attracted%20participation%20by%2067%20research%20groups%20from%20around%20the%20world.%20In%20contrast%20to%20all%20current%20commercial%20Iris%20biometrics%20technology%2C%20the%20NICE%20competitions%20focus%20on%20performing%20Iris%20biometrics%20on%20visible-light%20images.%20Whereas%20NICE.I%20focused%20on%20segmentation%2C%20NICE.II%20focused%20on%20performance%20in%20feature%20extraction%20and%20matching.%20The%20eight%20top-performing%20algorithms%20from%20NICE.II%20are%20considered%2C%20and%20suggestions%20are%20made%20for%20lessons%20that%20can%20be%20drawn%20from%20the%20results.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22June%201%2C%202012%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.patrec.2011.11.024%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220167-8655%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS0167865511004144%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22ARRP7P9N%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222013-04-26T01%3A49%3A06Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Ministry of Rural Development. 2013. “Direct Benefit Transfer System: Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme v 1.0.” New Delhi: Government of India. http://nrega.nic.in/Netnrega/WriteReaddata/Circulars/DBA_Manual13.pdf.
Drèze, Jean. 2010. “Unique Facility, or Recipe for Trouble?” The Hindu, November 25, 2010, sec. Op-ed. http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/unique-facility-or-recipe-for-trouble/article911055.ece.
“Aadhaar: On a Platform of Myths.” n.d. The Hindu. Accessed April 26, 2013. http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/aadhaar-on-a-platform-of-myths/article2236134.ece.
Gelb, Alan, and Caroline Decker. 2012. “Cash at Your Fingertips: Biometric Technology for Transfers in Developing Countries*.” Review of Policy Research 29 (1): 91–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.2011.00539.x.
Greenleaf, Graham. 2010. “India’s National ID System: Danger Grows in a Privacy Vacuum.” Computer Law & Security Review 26 (5): 479–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2010.07.009.
Kak, Amba Utara, and Swati Malik. 2010. “Privacy and the National Identification Authority of India Bill: Leaving Much to the Imagination.” NUJS Law Review 3: 485. http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/nujslr3&id=493&div=&collection=journals.
Bowyer, Kevin W. 2012. “The Results of the NICE.II Iris Biometrics Competition.” Pattern Recognition Letters 33 (8): 965–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2011.11.024.